6 : QC, PC, It, Gm, Ba, Sl


1

ā̆bel-, ā̆bōl-, abel-

It
Lat. Abella (osk. Stadt in Campanien) malifera `äpfeltragend', nach Verg. Aen. 7, 740, dürfte ihren Namen nach der Apfelzucht erhalten haben und auf die Grundform *ablonā zurückweisen. Der Apfel ist nicht etwa erst nach der Stadt benannt.

PC
Im Kelt. sind die Bezeichnungen für `Apfel' (*ablu) und `Apfelbaum' (*abaln-) auseinanderzuhalten. Gall. avallo `poma', Aballō (n-St.) ON, frz. Avallon, abrit. ON Aballāva, gallo-rom. *aballinca `Alpenmistel' (Wartburg);

QC
air. ubull (*ablu) n. `Apfel',

PC
ncymr. afal, Pl. afalau, corn. bret. aval m. `Apfel',

QC
aber mir. aball (*abalnā) f. `Apfelbaum',

PC
acymr. aball, mcymr. avall Pl. euyill (analogisch) f., acymr. aballen, ncymr. afallen `Apfelbaum' (mit Singulativendung).

Gm
Die gleichen Ablautformen im Germanischen:

Krimgot. apel (got. *apls?), ahd. apful, afful, mhd. apfel, ags. æppel (engl. apple), an. epli n. (apal-grār `apfelgrau') `Apfel'. Germ. wohl *ap(a)la-, *aplu-. Ferner an. apaldr `Apfelbaum', ags. apuldor, æppuldre, ahd. apholtra (vgl. nhd. Affoltern ON), mhd. apfalter `Apfelbaum' (*apaldra-).

Ba
Das Baltische zeigt deutliche Spuren der im Idg. ganz vereinzelten l-Deklination *ābōl, G. Sg. *ābeles. Dehnstufe des Suffixes erscheint meist im Worte für `Apfel': ostlit. obuolỹs, lett. âbuolis (-ii̯o-St.), westlit. óbuolas, lett. âbuols (o-St.) aus idg. *ābōl-; Normalstufe meist im Worte für `Apfelbaum'; lit. obelìs (fem. i-St.), lett. âbels (i-St.), âbele (ē-St.) aus idg. *ābel-; aber apr. woble f. (*ābl-) `Apfel', wobalne (*ābolu-) f. `Apfelbaum'.

Sl
Abg. ablъko, jablъko, poln. jabłko, slov. jábolko, russ. jábloko `Apfel' (*ablъko aus *āblu-) usw.; abg. (j)ablanь, sloven. jáblan, ačech. jablan, jablon, russ. jáblonь`Apfelbaum', aus idg.*āboln- (die Lautform von *ablo `Apfel' beeinflußt).

Obgleich eine einheitliche Grundform nicht ansetzbar ist, wird es sich beiden lat. kelt. germ. bsl. Formen nur um Urverwandtschaft und kaum um Entlehnung handeln. Beziehung zu lat. abies `Tanne' usw. sehr unsicher.

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